Hello everyone! Today, we're going to explore English tenses. Tenses help us talk about when things happen – whether they're happening now, happened before, or will happen in the future. We'll use examples, timelines, and exercises to make it super easy to understand.
Connectors: The Building Blocks
First, let's look at some connectors. Connectors are words that link ideas or sentences together. On the whiteboard, we have:
- and: joins similar ideas
- or: gives a choice
- but: shows a contrast
- so: shows a result
- yet: similar to 'but,' showing contrast
- because: gives a reason
- after: shows what happens next
- before: shows what happens first
- although/though: introduces a contrasting idea
Simple Present Tense
What is it?
The Simple Present Tense is used for habits, routines, general truths, and facts.
Examples
- I eat breakfast every morning.
- The sun rises in the east.
Timeline
Imagine a straight line. The Simple Present is a dot that represents things that happen regularly.
Practice Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
- I _______ (go) to school every day.
- She _______ (drink) coffee in the morning.
Create sentences using the following prompts:
- I / study / English
- They / play / football
Tips and Tricks
Remember, for he/she/it, we usually add an '-s' to the verb.
English vs. Turkish
Simple Present is similar to the Turkish Geniş Zaman.
Interactive Activity
Describe your daily routine using the Simple Present Tense.
Simple Past Tense
What is it?
The Simple Past Tense is used for actions that started and finished in the past.
Examples
- I went to Istanbul last year.
- She watched a movie yesterday.
Timeline
Imagine a straight line. The Simple Past is a dot on the line that is already passed, representing an action that is finished.
Practice Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
- I _______ (visit) my family last weekend.
- He _______ (play) basketball yesterday.
Create sentences using the following prompts:
- I / travel / to Ankara
- They / watch / a film
Tips and Tricks
Many verbs are regular and end in '-ed,' but there are also many irregular verbs.
English vs. Turkish
Simple Past is similar to the Turkish Geçmiş Zaman.
Interactive Activity
Share something you did last weekend using the Simple Past Tense.
Present Perfect Tense
What is it?
The Present Perfect Tense is used for actions that started in the past and continue to the present or have a result in the present.
Examples
- I haven't gone out since I moved here.
- I have lived in this city for five years.
Timeline
Imagine a straight line. The Present Perfect starts at a point in the past and extends to the present.
Practice Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
- I _______ (not see) him since last year.
- She _______ (live) here for ten years.
Create sentences using the following prompts:
- I / not eat / sushi / before
- They / visit / many countries
Tips and Tricks
Present Perfect often uses 'since' and 'for' to indicate time.
English vs. Turkish
Present Perfect tense doesn't have a direct equivalent in Turkish, but it is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue into the present.
Interactive Activity
Describe something you have done recently that has a result in the present.
Past Perfect Tense
What is it?
The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one action in the past happened before another action in the past.
Examples
- The man we took to hospital yesterday had died.
- I had finished my homework before I went to bed.
Timeline
Imagine a straight line. The Past Perfect is a dot before another dot in the past, showing an action that happened earlier.
Practice Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
- I _______ (eat) before I went to the cinema.
- She _______ (finish) her work before the meeting started.
Create sentences using the following prompts:
- I / study / before / take the exam
- They / arrive / after / the film / start
Tips and Tricks
Past Perfect often uses 'before' and 'after' to show the order of events.
English vs. Turkish
Past Perfect is similar to the Turkish Mişli Geçmiş Zamanın Hikayesi.
Interactive Activity
Describe two events in the past, using the Past Perfect to show which happened first.
Additional Examples from the Board
- "I am eating the cake which my mother has made" - This sentence uses both the Present Continuous ("I am eating") and the Present Perfect ("my mother has made").
Additional Resources
- Grammar Books: "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy
- YouTube Channels: "English with Lucy," "Learn English with Emma"
- Online Platforms: Duolingo, Coursera
Interactive Classroom Activities
- Timeline Drawing: Draw timelines on the board for specific sentences.
- Experience Sharing: Ask students to describe their own experiences using different tenses.
- Sentence Transformation: Transform sentences from one tense to another.
Conclusion
Great job today! Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep using these tenses in your everyday English, and you'll become a grammar expert in no time!
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