2021 YDS/2 (Sonbahar) İngilizce Sınavı Kelime ve Dilbilgisi Analizi

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1️⃣ Aşama: Alfabetik Kelime Listesi

✔ acidification → asitleşme

The acidification of the oceans is a growing concern due to greenhouse gas emissions.

(Okyanusların asitleşmesi, sera gazı emisyonları nedeniyle artan bir endişe kaynağıdır.)

✔ capitalise on → kazanç sağlamak, faydalanmak

Azerbaijan expects to capitalise on hydrocarbons for at least another forty years.

(Azerbaycan, en az kırk yıl daha hidrokarbonlardan kazanç sağlamayı umuyor.)

✔ cognitive benefits → bilişsel faydalar

Learning a new language provides significant cognitive benefits.

(Yeni bir dil öğrenmek önemli bilişsel faydalar sağlar.)

✔ contribute to → katkıda bulunmak

Large-scale production contributed to making Azerbaijan a major oil exporter.

(Büyük ölçekli üretim, Azerbaycan’ı önemli bir petrol ihracatçısı yapmaya katkıda bulundu.)

✔ manifest → kendini göstermek

Toxic behaviour can manifest in extreme form from certain character disorders.

(Toksik davranış, bazı karakter bozukluklarından aşırı bir şekilde kendini gösterebilir.)

✔ misinformation → yanlış bilgi

Misinformation is perhaps an inevitable part of the world we live in.

(Yanlış bilgi, yaşadığımız dünyanın belki de kaçınılmaz bir parçasıdır.)

✔ play a major role → önemli bir rol oynamak

The eating habits of Mediterranean people play a major role in their low risk for heart disease.

(Akdeniz insanlarının yeme alışkanlıkları, kalp hastalığı risklerinin düşük olmasında önemli bir rol oynar.)

✔ resilience → dayanıklılık

Psychologically flexible people show resilience in facing bad experiences.

(Psikolojik olarak esnek insanlar, kötü deneyimlerle karşılaştıklarında dayanıklılık gösterir.)

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2️⃣ Aşama: Tematik Sınıflandırma

🌍 Çevre ve İklim

• acidification → asitleşme
• greenhouse gas emissions → sera gazı emisyonları
• phytoplankton → fitoplankton
• dimethyl sulphide (DMS) → dimetil sülfit

🏥 Sağlık ve Psikoloji

• cognitive benefits → bilişsel faydalar
• local anaesthesia → lokal anestezi
• psychological resilience → psikolojik dayanıklılık
• toxic behaviour → toksik davranış

💰 Ekonomi ve İş Dünyası

• capitalise on hydrocarbons → hidrokarbonlardan kazanç sağlamak
• economic contraction → ekonomik daralma
• production sharing agreements → üretim paylaşım anlaşmaları

📢 Medya ve İletişim

• misinformation → yanlış bilgi
• social media → sosyal medya
• online conduct → çevrimiçi davranış

🧠 Eğitim ve Bilişsel Bilimler

• deconstruction → yapıbozum
• cognitive ability → bilişsel yetenek
• language-learning → dil öğrenimi

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3️⃣ Aşama: Dilbilgisi Türlerine Göre Sınıflandırma

🔹 Fiiller (Verbs)

• capitalise → kazanç sağlamak
• contribute → katkıda bulunmak
• manifest → kendini göstermek
• play → oynamak (rol oynamak anlamında)

🔹 İsimler (Nouns)

• acidification → asitleşme
• resilience → dayanıklılık
• misinformation → yanlış bilgi
• deconstruction → yapıbozum

🔹 Sıfatlar (Adjectives)

• drastic → ciddi, keskin
• inevitable → kaçınılmaz
• toxic → toksik
• significant → önemli

🔹 Deyimler & Phrasal Verbs

• capitalise on → faydalanmak
• play a major role → önemli bir rol oynamak
• find out → öğrenmek, keşfetmek

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4️⃣ Aşama: Cümle İçinde Kullanım Analizi

📌 Örnek:

• “Ocean acidification will add between 0.23 and 0.48°C to that figure.”
  🔍 Analiz: CO₂ emiliminin okyanusların kimyasını etkileyerek iklim değişikliğine katkı sağlamasını açıklıyor.

• “The country expects to capitalise on hydrocarbons for at least another forty years.”
  🔍 Analiz: Bir ülkenin doğal kaynakları ekonomik avantaj için nasıl kullandığını gösteriyor.

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5️⃣ Aşama: Ezberleme ve Öğrenmeyi Güçlendirme

📌 Kelime öğrenimini kalıcı hale getirmek için şu teknikleri uygula:

✅ Hafıza Teknikleri Kullan

• manifest kelimesi:
  • Kökü: Latin manifestus (açık, belirgin)
  • Türevleri: manifestation (tezahür), manifestly (açıkça)
  • Mnemonic: "Man if est → Bir adam eğer açıksa kendini gösterir."

✅ Kelime Kartları (Flashcards) Kullan

📌 Önerilen format:

• Ön yüz: cognitive benefits
• Arka yüz: bilişsel faydalar
• • Cümle içinde kullanım!

✅ Günlük Cümle Yazma Egzersizi

• I aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using public transport.
• Companies often capitalise on natural resources to boost profits.
• Misinformation can spread quickly on social media.

✅ Tematik Çalışma Planı

• Hafta 1: Çevre & İklim → acidification, greenhouse gas emissions
• Hafta 2: Sağlık & Psikoloji → cognitive benefits, resilience
• Hafta 3: Ekonomi & İş Dünyası → capitalise on, economic contraction

✅ YDS Deneme Sınavlarından Kelime Takibi

📌 Pratik testlerde karşılaşılan yeni kelimeleri ekleyerek listeyi genişlet.

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🎯 Sonuç: YDS Çalışma Aracı

Bu tam kapsamlı çalışma aracı, kelime analizinden ezbere kadar tüm süreçleri kapsar. Eksik bir şey varsa haber ver, daha da özelleştirebiliriz! 🚀📚

Exposure has different meanings depending on the context. Here are some common definitions:

1. General Meaning: The state of being exposed to something, such as light, air, danger, or an experience.

   • Example: "Prolonged exposure to sunlight can damage the skin."

2. Photography: The amount of light allowed to reach a camera sensor or film.

   • Example: "The photo is too dark due to low exposure."

3. Finance: The degree of risk a person or institution has in an investment.

   • Example: "The company has high exposure to currency fluctuations."

4. Medicine/Health: Contact with a substance or condition that may have an effect on health.

   • Example: "Exposure to toxic chemicals can cause serious illnesses."

5. Media/Publicity: The amount of attention something or someone receives.

   • Example: "The artist gained more exposure after the TV interview."

Here are synonyms and example sentences for each word:

1. Strictly (firmly, rigidly, precisely)

   • Example: "The teacher strictly enforces classroom rules."
   • Synonyms: rigidly, firmly, precisely, exactly

2. Drastically (severely, extremely, significantly)

   • Example: "His diet changed drastically after his health scare."
   • Synonyms: dramatically, intensely, severely, radically

3. Cautiously (carefully, attentively, warily)

   • Example: "She cautiously crossed the icy road."
   • Synonyms: carefully, warily, prudently, attentively

4. Ardently (passionately, enthusiastically, eagerly)

   • Example: "He ardently defends his beliefs in every debate."
   • Synonyms: passionately, fervently, zealously, intensely

5. Merely (only, just, simply)

   • Example: "He was merely trying to help, not criticize."
   • Synonyms: only, just, simply, purely

Here are more examples and synonyms for "uncover" in different contexts:

1. Removing a cover

• Example: "He uncovered the painting to show it to the audience."
• Synonyms: expose, reveal, take off, lift, open

2. Discovering something hidden

• Example: "Archaeologists uncovered ancient ruins beneath the city."
• Synonyms: discover, find, detect, unearth, expose

3. Making a secret public

• Example: "The reporter uncovered corruption in the government."
• Synonyms: expose, disclose, bring to light, reveal, unveil

Would you like examples in a specific context? 😊

Of course! Here are more examples of "to equate" in different contexts:

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1. Everyday Life & Social Context

👉 To consider two things as the same, even if they may not be

📌 Examples:

• "She equates being busy with being productive, but they’re not always the same."
• "Some people equate expensive brands with high quality, but that’s not always true."
• "We shouldn’t equate social media likes with real-life success."

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2. Psychology & Emotions

👉 To connect two emotions or experiences as if they are identical

📌 Examples:

• "He equates criticism with personal attack, even when it's constructive."
• "Many people equate love with sacrifice, but a healthy relationship requires balance."
• "She equates rejection with failure, but sometimes it's just a learning experience."

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3. Business & Economics

👉 To compare different factors and assume they have the same impact

📌 Examples:

• "Investors often equate higher prices with better quality, but marketing plays a big role too."
• "Many equate a company’s revenue with profitability, but they are different financial metrics."
• "You can’t equate job title with competence—some people get promoted for other reasons."

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4. Science & Mathematics

👉 To set two values or concepts as equal

📌 Examples:

• "Einstein’s equation E = mc² equates energy and mass, showing their deep connection."
• "In physics, pressure is often equated to force per unit area."
• "When solving algebraic equations, we equate two sides to find unknown variables."

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5. Philosophy & Ethics

👉 To treat different ideas or principles as equal, even when they may have nuances

📌 Examples:

• "Some equate morality with religion, but ethical values exist outside religious beliefs."
• "Can we really equate justice with fairness? They are related but not identical."
• "Equating freedom with anarchy ignores the role of laws in maintaining order."

6. Law & Politics

👉 To treat different legal or political concepts as if they are the same

📌 Examples:

• "Some people equate democracy with freedom, but a country can have democratic elections and still restrict freedoms."
• "You can’t equate legal with ethical—what’s legal isn’t always morally right."
• "Many equate national security with government surveillance, but privacy rights must also be considered."

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7. Religion & Spirituality

👉 To compare or equate religious concepts, even if they have differences

📌 Examples:

• "Some people equate karma with divine punishment, but in many traditions, karma is just cause and effect."
• "Equating spirituality with religious rituals ignores the personal experience of faith."
• "You cannot equate all religions as the same—each has its own beliefs and traditions."

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8. Literature & Art

👉 To compare artistic or literary elements as if they are identical

📌 Examples:

• "Critics often equate simplicity with lack of depth, but minimalist art can be very profound."
• "Some people equate poetry with rhyming, but free verse is also a powerful form of poetry."
• "You shouldn’t equate fiction with lies—stories can reveal deep truths about human nature."

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9. Medicine & Health

👉 To compare medical conditions or treatments as if they are identical

📌 Examples:

• "You can’t equate mental health struggles with weakness—anyone can experience them."
• "Some people equate weight loss with good health, but fitness and nutrition are more important."
• "Equating a mild fever with a serious illness can lead to unnecessary panic."

10. Technology & Artificial Intelligence

👉 To consider two technological concepts as the same, even if they have differences

📌 Examples:

• "Many people equate AI with human intelligence, but AI lacks emotions and true understanding."
• "Some equate social media presence with real influence, but engagement matters more than followers."
• "You shouldn’t equate cybersecurity with just having a strong password—there are many layers of protection needed."

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11. History & Cultural Studies

👉 To compare historical or cultural ideas as if they are identical

📌 Examples:

• "Equating ancient civilizations with being primitive ignores their advancements in science and engineering."
• "Some people equate the Renaissance with just European art, but it was also a period of scientific discovery."
• "You can’t equate colonialism with progress—it often came at the cost of indigenous cultures."

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12. Sports & Fitness

👉 To treat different aspects of sports as the same, even when they are different

📌 Examples:

• "People often equate strength with muscle size, but endurance and technique are just as important."
• "Some equate winning with being the best, but teamwork and strategy also matter."
• "Equating physical fitness with weight alone ignores other important health indicators like flexibility and stamina."

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13. Psychology & Human Behavior

👉 To assume two psychological states or behaviors are the same

📌 Examples:

• "People often equate introversion with shyness, but they are not the same—introverts just prefer less social stimulation."
• "Equating emotional expression with weakness prevents people from opening up about their feelings."
• "Some equate confidence with arrogance, but confidence is about self-assurance, not superiority."

"To be exposed to" means to come into contact with or experience something, often something potentially harmful or influential.

Examples:

• Health: "Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke may develop respiratory issues." (They come into contact with smoke, which could harm them.)
• Learning: "Students should be exposed to different cultures to broaden their perspectives." (They should experience different cultures to learn from them.)
• Risk: "The workers were exposed to high levels of radiation." (They were in contact with radiation, which might be dangerous.)

The correct preposition after "to increase" depends on the sentence structure:

1. "Increase in" → Used when referring to a rise in something.

   • "There was an increase in sales last month."
   • "We observed an increase in temperature."

2. "Increase by" → Used when specifying the amount of increase.

   • "Sales increased by 20%."
   • "The population increased by 1 million."

3. "Increase to" → Used when specifying the new total after an increase.

   • "The price increased to $50."
   • "The temperature increased to 30°C."

Would you like more clarification? 😊